The entire mathematical structure of Vedic Mathematics is contained in 16 Sūtras and 16 Upasūtras. These sūtras and upasūtras provide the complete set of rules governing Vedic Mathematics, and its application.
A 'sūtra' is a rule (or a formula) that works on specific mathematical situations (commonly known as the domain of a mathematical formula), and an 'upasūtra' is a corollary - also sometimes referred as 'Sub-Sūtra'. An upasūtra may be a corollary of a specific sūtra, or a general rule. We present here, a list of all 16 sūtras and 16 upasūtras used in Vedic Mathematics. Each sūtra, or upasūtra, include working examples, tutorials, and the logic of its working.
List of Vedic Mathematical Sūtras and Upasūtras:
(* Some of the above links are disabled, because of the ongoing work on the respective web pages. We hope to have them live, as soon as possible.)
Note that, the last 3 upasūtras are not included in many references, but these upasūtras are part of Vedic Mathematics. We have deliberately included them in this section to list the complete set of rules governing Vedic Mathematics.
In order to understand Vedic Mathematics and before plunging into the Sūtras and Upasūtras:
- One must have an understanding of the terms, that are used throughout the Sūtras and Upasūtras presented here for reference.
- The principles of Vedic Mathematics usually deals with the individual digits of a number, rather than the entire number. That is how it breaks the calculations into simple steps.
- As in any other form of mathematics, the mastery of Vedic Mathematics require practice and the judgement of applying the optimal method for a given scenario - a guideline of which, is presented in Applications.